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Bosman ruling
In football (soccer), the Bosman ruling is a 1995 European Court of Justice decision that allows professional football players in the European Union (EU) to move freely to another club at the end of their term of contract with their present team.
The ruling was made in a consolidation of three separate legal cases, all involving Belgian player Jean-Marc Bosman:
* Union royale belge des sociétés de football association ASBL v Jean-Marc Bosman
* Royal club liégeois SA v Jean-Marc Bosman and others
* Union Européenne de Football Association (UEFA) v Jean-Marc Bosman
Bosman was a player in the Jupiler League,
whose contract had expired in 1990. He wanted to change teams and move to Dunkerque, a French team. However, Dunkerque didn't offer his Belgian club RFC Liège enough of a transfer fee, so
Liège refused to let him go.
In the meantime, Bosman's wages were reduced as he was no longer a first-team player. He took his case to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg and sued for restraint of trade. After a tough legal battle he won his case, and on December 15, 1995 the court ruled that the system as it was constituted a restriction on the free movement of workers and was prohibited by Article 39(1) of the EC Treaty.
Bosman and all other EU football players were given the right to a free transfer at the end of their contracts, with the provision that they were transferring from a club within one EU Association to a club within another EU Association.
Prior to that, professional clubs in Britain (but not, for example, in Spain and France) were able to prevent players from joining another club even if their contracts had expired. In addition to this, a player can sign a pre-contract with another club for a free transfer if the players' contract with their existing club has 6 months or less remaining. The Bosman ruling can be compared to the Curt Flood case in baseball, which led to the elimination of the reserve clause and the advent of free agency.